ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT LEADING TO LEARNING OUTCOMES: INTERCEDING EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL, PARENTS, AND SCHOOL-LEVEL FACTORS

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Sarwat Sultan, Rizwana Amin, Maria Anwar Khan

Abstract

Believing specifically in terms of learning and its outcomes, this study extended the literature on student engagement as a factor of academic success. Taken together, the study also explored the cluster of factors mediating the relationship of student engagement to learning outcomes. A sample of 454 students aged 13-15 years from public elementary schools provided data on self reported measures of school engagement, individual, parent, and school-level factors. Students' final-term scores were used as learning outcomes. This study contributed several findings; (1) significant positive impact of student engagement was found on learning outcomes, (2)  from individual-level factors; academic motivation, academic scholastic competence, and social self-esteem, (3) from parent factors; parent involvement (4) and from school-level factors; academic climate, social climate, teacher likeability, peer victimization, and school satisfaction were found significant mediating factors for the impact of student engagement on learning outcomes. Findings are useful for parents, teachers, and school policy makers to make students more engaged with the school activities for the positive learning outcomes.

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