DEWAN BAHADUR SATYA PRAKASH SINGHA: A STRUGGLER OF THE INDIAN CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY
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Dec 23, 2023
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Abstract
This article is an effort to view the political ideology of S.P. Singha, a renowned political figure in the freedom movement. This article aimed to explore the political idea of Singha and his political role in the formative phase of Punjab partition in 1947 as speaker of United Punjab Assembly before partition. According to his point of view that partition of Punjab is not in favor of the residents of Punjab from socio-political and economic perspectives. It should not be divided between Pakistan and India. The present research is highlighting the political and social services of S.P. Singha as the Christian leader in the struggle for the independence. Apart from this, his political efforts with Mr. Jinnah and Mr. Nehru have been discussed in this article. It also highlighted the challenges and resistance, faced by S.P Singha in pursuing of his political ideas.
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References
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Akhtar, Salamat. Pakistan Ki Tareekh Kay Gumnaam Kirdaar. Rawalpindi: Christian Study Centre, 1998.
Ali, Ch. Muhammad. The Emergence of Pakistan. Lahore: Services Book Club, 1988.
Ali, Mubarik. Tareekh Kia Kehti Hai, Lahore: Zahid Bashir Publishers, 1993.
Ambedkar, B. R. Pakistan or the Partition of India. Bombay: Thacker and Co., 1946.
Anjum, Zahid Hussain. Tareekh-e-Pakistan 1947 to Present (Urdu), Lahore: Nadeem Younas Press, 2006.
Anwar, M. Developmental Role of Minorities in Lahore (A Case Study of Educational,
Health and Care Services of Christians). Lahore: Minhaj University, Lahore, 2014.
Anwar, M. Rafi. Tareekh-e-Qayam-e-Pakistan. Lahore: Ilmi Kitaab khana, 1981.
Anwar, Maqbool. ‘‘Role of Minorities in the Political System of Pakistan: A Case Study of the Christians of Lahore Division’’. Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Punjab Lahore/Department of Political Science, 2019.
Aqeel, Asif and Sama Faruqi. “Caste Away: The Ongoing Struggle of Pakistan's Punjabi Christians” (Religion South Asia 18 Oct 2016).
Azad, A. K. “India Wins Freedom”. 1st Edition. Delhi: Orient Longman, 1989.
Aziz, K. K. “The Making of Pakistan: A Study in Nationalism”. London: Chatto
&Windus, 1967.
Bangash, Yaqoob Khan. “The Christian Story”, Political Economy (November 6, 2016).
Bernard, Inayat. “Minorities Role in the Pakistan Movement”. Focus (Multan) Supplement 93/1 (1993) 53-55.
Bolitho, Hector. Jinnah, Creator of Pakistan. London: Oxford University Press, 1966.
Butt, Salma. “Remembering a Marginalised Hero: Dewan Bahadur S.P. Singha”, Pakistan Today (June 22, 2016).
Chaudhry, Z. Pakistan Kaisay Bana (Urdu). Lahore: Idara Mutala Tarkh, 1989.
Dani, Prof. Ahmad Hassan. Founding Fathers of Pakistan. Lahore: Sang-E-Meel Publication, 1998.
George, Naseem. “The Role of Religious Minorities in Pakistan’s Politics and the Future Direction”. In Religious Minorities in Pakistan: Struggle for Identity, Ed. Dominic Moghal and Jennifer Jivan, 87-93. Rawalpindi: Christian Study Centre, 1996.
Gill, Raja N. “Christians’ Role in Pakistan Movement”. Lahore: Nigaarshat Publishers, 2017.
Gill, Raja N. “Masihee Aur Tehreek-e-Pakistan”. Lahore: Nigaarshat Publishers, 2014.
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Hassan, Dr. Zahoor ul. Pakistan Studies for 12th Class. Lahore: Khalid Book Depot, 2019.
Ikram, S. M. Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan. Lahore: Institute of Islamic
Culture, 2014.
Khaliquzzaman, Ch. “Pathway to Pakistan”. (Karachi: The Journey to Pakistan: A
Documentation on Refugees of 1947). Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, National
Documentation Centre, 1993; Longman, 1961.
Khan, Yasmin. “The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan”. London: Yale University Press, 2007.
Mairaj, Azam. “Shnakhat Naama”. Karachi: Mairaj Publications, 2017.
Malik, Dr. Iftikhar H. Religious Minorities in Pakistan. London: Minority Rights Group International, 2002.
Nadeem, Fr. Francis. Yae Dais Hamara Hai, Lahore: Hum Ahang Publishers, 1997.
New York: Routledge, 2001).
Paul, Jeorge. “Main Bhee Pakistan Hoon”. Lahore: Human Friends Organization, 2007.
Qadri, Azam. Heroes of Pakistan. Lahore: Jang Publishers, 2015.
Qaisar, Junaid. Pakistani Aqliyeeton Ka Noha. Lahore: Fiction House, 2007.
Qureshi, I. H. A Short History of Pakistan, Karachi: University of Karachi Press, 1967.
Qureshi, I. H. The Struggle for Pakistan. Karachi: Bureau of Composition, Compilation and Translation, 1965.
Remembering a Marginalised Hero.www.pakistantoday.com.pk.
Saeed, Ahmad and Khan Mansoor Sarwar. Trek to Pakistan. Lahore: Al-Fouzi Publishers, 1997.
Sayeed, K. B. “Pakistan: The Formative Phase 1857-1948”. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1969.
Sen, S. N. History of the Freedom Movement in India (1857-1947). New Delhi: New Age International Pvt. Ltd Publishers, 1997.
Shamsi, Akhlaq Hussain. ‘‘Social Status and Political Participation of Christian Minority in Pakistan’’. Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore/ Pakistan Centre for South Asian Studies, 2011.
Symonds, Richard. The Making of Pakistan. London: Faber and Faber, 1950.
Tabassam, Ammara and Umbreen Javaid, ‘‘Christians in Pakistan-A Developmental Approach: (Pre & Post Partition of India)’’, A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, Vol. 34, No. 1, (January-June 2019): 131.
Tahir, M. Athar. Punjab Portraits. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1992.
Talbot, Ian and Gurharpal Singh. The Partition of India. London: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Tandan, Parkash. Punjab Kay Sau Saal. Lahore: Fiction House Publishers, 2018.
Temple, Sir Richard Carnac. The Legends of the Punjab, Vol. II. Lahore: Language Department, Punjab, 1988.
Yong, Tan Tai and Gyanesh Kudaisya. “The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia” (London & New York: Routledge, 2001).
Zafar, Emmanuel. A Concise History of Pakistani Christians. Lahore: Humsookhan Publications, 2007.