Unveiling the Complex Human Rights Issues of Child Labor in Pakistan

Abstract

We explore child labor in contexts where it is hazardous, involves unpaid family work, and is prevalent in local industries. The main goal of this study is to develop theoretical insights to understand the causes of concealed hazardous child labor in such settings, ultimately aiding in its eradication or control. Viewing child labor as a fundamental human rights issue, we analyze it as a multifaceted social phenomenon by integrating two academic approaches: the subaltern tradition in history and Prof. Amartya Sen's economic theories of entitlement, capability, and function. Our findings reveal that kiln workers are largely invisible to society, with their marginalized existence offering them few opportunities for improvement. This leads to a sense of hopelessness that erodes their self-esteem, making them believe that their basic human rights are negotiable. We conclude that improving the conditions of kiln workers requires creating an environment where they can exercise their legal, political, and economic rights. This can be achieved through a collaborative approach led by the government and supported by unions and non-governmental organizations.