Unveiling the Complex Human Rights Issues of Child Labor in Pakistan

Abstract

We explore child labor in contexts where it is hazardous, involves unpaid family work, and is
prevalent in local industries. The main goal of this study is to develop theoretical insights to
understand the causes of concealed hazardous child labor in such settings, ultimately aiding in its
eradication or control. Viewing child labor as a fundamental human rights issue, we analyze it as
a multifaceted social phenomenon by integrating two academic approaches: the subaltern tradition
in history and Prof. Amartya Sen's economic theories of entitlement, capability, and function. Our
findings reveal that kiln workers are largely invisible to society, with their marginalized existence
offering them few opportunities for improvement. This leads to a sense of hopelessness that erodes
their self-esteem, making them believe that their basic human rights are negotiable. We conclude
that improving the conditions of kiln workers requires creating an environment where they can
exercise their legal, political, and economic rights. This can be achieved through a collaborative
approach led by the government and supported by unions and non-governmental organizations.