حكم الإفطار بين القضاء والكفارة للحامل والمرضع والمسافر والمريض والشيخ الفاني (دراسة فقهية مقارنة) Ruling between Qada and Kafara on breaking the Fast for Pregnant and Nursing Women, Travelers, the Sick, and the Elderly (A Comparative Jurisprudential Study) Section Islamic Studies

Abstract

This study provides a comparative jurisprudential analysis of the rules and regulations surrounding fasting, specifically addressing the issues related to pregnant women, nursing mothers, travelers, the sick, and the elderly. The obligation of fasting during Ramadan is established through the Qur'an, Sunnah, and consensus. However, Islamic jurisprudence recognizes exceptions for those who are physically incapable of fasting due to valid reasons. This paper explores the rulings concerning individuals who fall into these categories, analyzing the jurisprudential opinions on whether they are required to make up missed fasts (qada) or offer compensation (kafara). The study examines various scholarly interpretations and the flexibility of Islamic law in accommodating individual circumstances while maintaining the essence of the fasting obligation. The research highlights how different schools of thought approach these issues and provides a comprehensive overview of the practices and rulings that ensure fairness and consideration for those unable to fast due to legitimate reasons.