BRODERLANDS OF SOCIETY AND POLITICS IN THE NOVEL THE MINISTRY OF UTMOST OF HAPPINES BY ARUNDHATI ROYS
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Sep 29, 2023
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Abstract
The current studyexplores the complicatedportrayal of broderlands of society and politics conditions in post-partition India and the contested region of Kashmir in Arundhati Roy's novel. The analysis extends to the thematic exploration and representationof transgender identity within the complex Indian society and politics. The present studyaims to answer two key questions: How does Arundhati Roy depict the socio-political conditions in post-partition India and Kashmir? What is the significance and impact of the representation of transgender identity in Indian society and politics within the novel? Employing a qualitative methodology, the study draws on expository, evaluative, and systematic approaches, utilizing both primary sources from the novel and secondary sources from scholarly articles. The theoretical framework is rooted in queer theory, emphasizing the uncertaintyof identity categories and challenging binary distinctions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the socio-political landscape and transgender experiences in "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness."
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References
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Anjum, W., Jahangir, J., Alvi, G. F., Ramzan, M., & Watto, S. A. (2023). SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR PARENTS’REACTION: POLITICAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN, LAW, EDUCATION, AND GOOD CHARACTER CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN. Russian Law Journal, (3).
Assumi, I. (2018). Postcolonialism in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. An International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(2).
Azhar, D. (2015). Arundhati Roy s Power Talk: A Study of Her Essays. Express, an International Journal of Multi Disciplinary Research.
Batra, J. (2017). Politico-Literary Response to Terrorism: A Study of Arundhati Roy’s the Ministry of Utmost Happiness.” DSpace Repository, Universitypublication.net.
Bhusal, T. (2022). Voice of the margin in literature: Reading Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Lumbini Journal of Language and Literature, 3(1), 55–59. doi:10.3126/ljll.v3i1.50497
Bilyk, O. I., & Gerner, Y. I. (2020). Peculiarities of reproduction of stylistic means and realia of the novel «the ministry of utmost happiness» by Arundhati Roy in the Ukrainian translation. Scientific Notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, Series Philology. Social Communications, 2(2), 29–34. doi:10.32838/2663-6069/2020.2-2/06
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Butalia, U. (1997). I Had Two Options-Writing or Madness. Outlookindia.Com.
Butler, J. (1988). Performative acts and gender constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory. Theatre Journal, 40(4), 519. doi:10.2307/3207893
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Chamberlain, G. (2010). Arundhati Roy Faces Arrest over Kashmir Remark.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media. London, England: Guardian Newspapers.
Davis, R., & Booker Arundhati, R. (2018). It’s Safer to Be a Cow than a Woman or Muslim in India.
Devers, K. J. (1999). How will we know “good” qualitative research when we see it? Beginning the dialogue in health services research. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1153–1188.
Felicelli, A. (2017). Outside Language and Power: The Mastery of Arundhati Roy’s ‘The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Los Angeles Review of Books.
Gedro, J., & Mizzi, R. C. (2014). Feminist Theory and Queer Theory: Implications for HRD Research and Practice. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 16, 445–456. doi:10.1177/1523422314543820
George, T. (2022, January 27). Semi-structured interview. Retrieved December 10, 2023, from Scribbr website: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/semi-structured-interview/
Ghosh, D. (2017). When Shah Rukh Khan and Arundhati Roy Worked Together on a National Award-Winning Film.” India Today.
Goh, R. B. H. (2021). The (in)significance of small things: Data, identity, and the dilemma of recovery in Arundhati Roy’s the ministry of utmost happiness. Studies in the Novel, 53(1), 1–19. doi:10.1353/sdn.2021.0001
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Jamil, S. (2023). The growing norm of sexual harassment in Pakistan’s mainstream and ethnic news media. Media Asia, 1–21.
Kiran, Z., & Taj, S. (2022). An Investigation Of Female University Students’ Experiences Of Sexual Harassment And Its Effects On Their Education. Webology, 19(1).
Kumar, S. (2023). Transecology as “lines of flight” in Arundhati Roy’s the ministry of utmost happiness. South Asian Review, 1–12. doi:10.1080/02759527.2023.2221942
Maseed, I. U. (2023, August 23). Female university students in Pakistan face sexual harassment and authorities are complicit. Retrieved December 10, 2023, from Dissent Today website: https://dissenttoday.net/opinion/female-university-students-in-pakistan-face-sexual-harassment-and-authorities-are-complicit/
Minhas, N. A., & Anwar, N. (2022). Examining counter discursivity in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(2), 491–502. doi:10.52131/pjhss.2022.1002.0214
Mirza, (2023a). Queering resistance: A married woman, babyji and the ministry of utmost happiness. In Resistance and its discontents in South Asian women’s fiction. Manchester University Press.
Mirza, M. (2023b). Revolutionary love and the romance of resistance: Broken Verses, The Lowland, The God of Small Things and The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. In Resistance and its discontents in South Asian women’s fiction. Manchester University Press.
Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2017). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 1: Introduction. The European Journal of General Practice, 23(1), 271–273. doi:10.1080/13814788.2017.1375093
Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (2000). The experience of sexual harassment among grade-school students: Early socialization of female subordination. Sex Roles, 43(1/2), 1–18.
Rajasinghe, D. (2020). Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as a coaching research methodology. Coaching An International Journal of Theory Research and Practice, 13(2), 176–190. doi:10.1080/17521882.2019.1694554
Sarkar, B. (2023). Human-nonhuman home: bioregional cosmopolitan exploration of intersex identity in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 30(6), 856–875. doi:10.1080/0966369x.2022.2081670
Schneider, B. E., & Gutek, B. A. (1986). Sex and the workplace: The impact of sexual behavior and harassment on women, men, and organizations. Contemporary Sociology, 15(6), 860. doi:10.2307/2071136
Smith, J. A., & Nizza, I. E. (2022). Essentials of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Suleman, D., & Rehman, F. B. A. (2020). Transgender issues in Indian society from the viewpoint of Arundhati Roy’s novel, the ministry of utmost happiness. South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 01(03), 159–172. doi:10.48165/sajssh.2020.1312
Zafar, A., & Inayat, H. (2014). Sexual Harassment in Academia: University Female Student’s Experiences and Reporting of Sexual Harassment in Pakistan. European Academic Research, 11(1), 1463–1476.
Zahid, U., & Ahmed, A. (2022). The reflection of Panopticon in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness: Usama Zahid, Adeel Ahmed. Journal of English Language, Literature and Education, 3(4), 11–20. doi:10.54692/jelle.2022.0304108
Ahmad, I. (2019a). The politics of canons, identity and representation: A study of the counter canonical discourse strategies in Arundhati Roy’s novel the ministry of utmost Happiness. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 10(2), 49. doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.2p.49
Ahmad, I. (2019b). The politics of code switching and code mixing: A critical study of Arundhati Roy’s novel the Ministry of Utmost Happiness in the postcolonial discourse perspective. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 10(4), 161. doi:10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.4p.161
Ahmad, N. M., Ahmad, M. M., & Masood, R. (2020). Socio-psychological implications of public harassment for women in the capital city of Islamabad. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 27(1), 77–100. doi:10.1177/0971521519891480
Anjum, W., Jahangir, J., Alvi, G. F., Ramzan, M., & Watto, S. A. (2023). SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR PARENTS’REACTION: POLITICAL RIGHTS OF WOMEN, LAW, EDUCATION, AND GOOD CHARACTER CHALLENGES IN PAKISTAN. Russian Law Journal, (3).
Assumi, I. (2018). Postcolonialism in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. An International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(2).
Azhar, D. (2015). Arundhati Roy s Power Talk: A Study of Her Essays. Express, an International Journal of Multi Disciplinary Research.
Batra, J. (2017). Politico-Literary Response to Terrorism: A Study of Arundhati Roy’s the Ministry of Utmost Happiness.” DSpace Repository, Universitypublication.net.
Bhusal, T. (2022). Voice of the margin in literature: Reading Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Lumbini Journal of Language and Literature, 3(1), 55–59. doi:10.3126/ljll.v3i1.50497
Bilyk, O. I., & Gerner, Y. I. (2020). Peculiarities of reproduction of stylistic means and realia of the novel «the ministry of utmost happiness» by Arundhati Roy in the Ukrainian translation. Scientific Notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, Series Philology. Social Communications, 2(2), 29–34. doi:10.32838/2663-6069/2020.2-2/06
Binny, M. (2017, July 27). Arundhati Roy’s new novel lays India bare, unveiling worlds within our world. The Conversation. Retrieved from http://theconversation.com/arundhati-roys-new-novel-lays-india-bare-unveiling-worlds-within-our-world-81356
Brijnath, R. (2013). Arundhati Roy: The Woman Who Never Obeyed the Rules.” India Today.
Butalia, U. (1997). I Had Two Options-Writing or Madness. Outlookindia.Com.
Butler, J. (1988). Performative acts and gender constitution: An essay in phenomenology and feminist theory. Theatre Journal, 40(4), 519. doi:10.2307/3207893
Calafell, B., & Nakayama, T. K. (2016). Queer Theory. In The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy.
Canon, J. D. (1999). Sexual harassment: the new liability. Risk Management, 46(1), 12–13.
Chamberlain, G. (2010). Arundhati Roy Faces Arrest over Kashmir Remark.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media. London, England: Guardian Newspapers.
Davis, R., & Booker Arundhati, R. (2018). It’s Safer to Be a Cow than a Woman or Muslim in India.
Devers, K. J. (1999). How will we know “good” qualitative research when we see it? Beginning the dialogue in health services research. Health Services Research, 34(5 Pt 2), 1153–1188.
Felicelli, A. (2017). Outside Language and Power: The Mastery of Arundhati Roy’s ‘The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Los Angeles Review of Books.
Gedro, J., & Mizzi, R. C. (2014). Feminist Theory and Queer Theory: Implications for HRD Research and Practice. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 16, 445–456. doi:10.1177/1523422314543820
George, T. (2022, January 27). Semi-structured interview. Retrieved December 10, 2023, from Scribbr website: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/semi-structured-interview/
Ghosh, D. (2017). When Shah Rukh Khan and Arundhati Roy Worked Together on a National Award-Winning Film.” India Today.
Goh, R. B. H. (2021). The (in)significance of small things: Data, identity, and the dilemma of recovery in Arundhati Roy’s the ministry of utmost happiness. Studies in the Novel, 53(1), 1–19. doi:10.1353/sdn.2021.0001
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. S. Denzin Y (Ed.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105–117). Sage.
Hafsa, U. (2023). Marginalized in Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness in the light of Louis Althusser’s “ideology and Ideological State Apparatus.” Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Legal Studies, 77–83. doi:10.34104/ajssls.023.077083
Jamil, S. (2023). The growing norm of sexual harassment in Pakistan’s mainstream and ethnic news media. Media Asia, 1–21.
Kiran, Z., & Taj, S. (2022). An Investigation Of Female University Students’ Experiences Of Sexual Harassment And Its Effects On Their Education. Webology, 19(1).
Kumar, S. (2023). Transecology as “lines of flight” in Arundhati Roy’s the ministry of utmost happiness. South Asian Review, 1–12. doi:10.1080/02759527.2023.2221942
Maseed, I. U. (2023, August 23). Female university students in Pakistan face sexual harassment and authorities are complicit. Retrieved December 10, 2023, from Dissent Today website: https://dissenttoday.net/opinion/female-university-students-in-pakistan-face-sexual-harassment-and-authorities-are-complicit/
Minhas, N. A., & Anwar, N. (2022). Examining counter discursivity in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(2), 491–502. doi:10.52131/pjhss.2022.1002.0214
Mirza, (2023a). Queering resistance: A married woman, babyji and the ministry of utmost happiness. In Resistance and its discontents in South Asian women’s fiction. Manchester University Press.
Mirza, M. (2023b). Revolutionary love and the romance of resistance: Broken Verses, The Lowland, The God of Small Things and The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. In Resistance and its discontents in South Asian women’s fiction. Manchester University Press.
Moser, A., & Korstjens, I. (2017). Series: Practical guidance to qualitative research. Part 1: Introduction. The European Journal of General Practice, 23(1), 271–273. doi:10.1080/13814788.2017.1375093
Murnen, S. K., & Smolak, L. (2000). The experience of sexual harassment among grade-school students: Early socialization of female subordination. Sex Roles, 43(1/2), 1–18.
Rajasinghe, D. (2020). Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) as a coaching research methodology. Coaching An International Journal of Theory Research and Practice, 13(2), 176–190. doi:10.1080/17521882.2019.1694554
Sarkar, B. (2023). Human-nonhuman home: bioregional cosmopolitan exploration of intersex identity in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness. Gender, Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography, 30(6), 856–875. doi:10.1080/0966369x.2022.2081670
Schneider, B. E., & Gutek, B. A. (1986). Sex and the workplace: The impact of sexual behavior and harassment on women, men, and organizations. Contemporary Sociology, 15(6), 860. doi:10.2307/2071136
Smith, J. A., & Nizza, I. E. (2022). Essentials of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Suleman, D., & Rehman, F. B. A. (2020). Transgender issues in Indian society from the viewpoint of Arundhati Roy’s novel, the ministry of utmost happiness. South Asian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 01(03), 159–172. doi:10.48165/sajssh.2020.1312
Zafar, A., & Inayat, H. (2014). Sexual Harassment in Academia: University Female Student’s Experiences and Reporting of Sexual Harassment in Pakistan. European Academic Research, 11(1), 1463–1476.
Zahid, U., & Ahmed, A. (2022). The reflection of Panopticon in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness: Usama Zahid, Adeel Ahmed. Journal of English Language, Literature and Education, 3(4), 11–20. doi:10.54692/jelle.2022.0304108