ترقی پسند اردو افسانے کا داخلی پہلو (نمائندہ افسانہ نگاروں کے تصور فرد کے حوالے سے)

Abstract

The Progressive Movement profoundly impacted the literary and social landscape of the Indian subcontinent, introducing new themes and trends to the literary world and raising social consciousness. While the objectives and manifesto of this movement often overshadowed its internal aspects, labeling it as purpose-driven, the fiction writers influenced by this movement emphasized the individual's internal experience. They creatively portrayed social issues through an individualistic lens, making their stories symbolic for society. Their narratives reflect personal anguish more than collective concerns, illustrating individual internal turmoil, anxiety, melancholy, inferiority and superiority complexes, social alienation, lack of identity, societal pressure, and sexual factors. Their mastery lies in reflecting historical and cultural tragedies through the internal world of a single person. In the stories of Prem Chand, Bedi, Krishan Chander, and Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, internal tendencies overshadow external factors. This piece aims to highlight the individual internal aspects of the Progressive Movement, whether social, psychological, or personal.