خصائص مدرستى أهل الحديث وأهل الرأى بحث تكميلى لمادة تاريخ الفقه

Abstract

In this paper, the establishment of the first two educational centers of Islam, the inference and extraction of Islamic problems have been reviewed. During the blessed life of the Holy Prophet, the Companions used to approach him directly.

After the departure of the Holy Prophet, the Companions assumed this position of Jalila and guided the Ummah. From the time of the Companions, Madinah had the honor of being the center of the Islamic world. Muslims from all over the world used to benefit from Madinah's school of learning in religious matters.

Along with this, Hazrat Abdullah bin Masoud's circle of teaching in Iraq was unparalleled and Hazrat Abdullah bin Umar used to lead the Ummah in religious matters in Madinah. Hazrat Ibn Umar (RA) was strictly committed to the sayings and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and did not like personal opinions at all compared to the sayings and Sunnah.

While Hazrat Ibn Masood tried to understand the intention and will of the Holy Prophet in the sayings of the Prophet. So, on the basis of the difference in the way of thinking, Abdullah bin Umar and his disciples came to be called Ahl al-Hadith, and Ibn Mas'ud and his like-minded Companions of the Tabieen came to be called Ahl Ray. In this article, the ideas, thinking and reasoning of these two parties have been studied and analyzed, and it is certain that there was no difference between them regarding haram and halal, but generally there was a difference between the first and non-first.

And both academic centers adopted this way of thinking based on regional necessity and both Islamic centers considered the four principles of Islam (Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijmaa and Qiyas) as the basis and from these two centers, the famous four jurists of the Islamic world, Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Malik, Imam Shafi'i and Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal were represented.

In this way, in this article, the priorities of thought of Ahl Rai and their way of thinking and manners for the world of Islam have been described as more beneficial.

The early and ancient knowledge centers of Islam are known by many names among the advanced jurists.

This paper also includes the description of the names by which these schools of thought were called in different eras. The way of thinking of the Companions of Opinion and Ahl al-Hadith has been supported by various Qur'anic verses and blessed hadiths.

This article has proved the importance of both centers, their academic services and their efforts as primary sources in Islamic archives.