فارسی لغات کے مختلف مدارس اور ان کی انفرادی خصوصیات VARIOUS SCHOOLS OF PERSIAN LEXICOGRAPHY AND THEIR UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS Section Persian(فارسی)

Abstract

The various schools of Persian lexicography and their unique characteristics have played a crucial role in the development of the Persian language and literature. These schools have not only enhanced the linguistic understanding of Persian but also preserved the historical, literary, and cultural aspects of the language. The tradition of lexicography in Persian has significantly contributed to the evolution, preservation, and intellectual growth of the language, making complex subjects more accessible. Each school of Persian lexicography has highlighted different facets of the Persian language under its distinctive characteristics. They have produced dictionaries that range from ancient classical words to modern scientific terminology, thereby enriching the linguistic comprehension and safeguarding the historical and literary heritage of Persian. For instance, the ancient school focused on the understanding of classical Persian words and literary texts. The Islamic school incorporated Islamic terminology into Persian and played a pivotal role in the promotion of Islamic sciences. The Safavid and Timurid schools developed lexicons according to the needs of the royal court and the state, while the modern school further solidified the evolution of Persian through modern linguistic and historical analysis.

The Sufi school simplified mystical terms and topics, and the philosophy and wisdom school created lexicons on philosophical and scholarly subjects. The sciences and arts school compiled dictionaries on scientific and technical topics, while the literature school produced lexicons to facilitate the understanding of Persian literature. Additionally, the research and criticism school focused on academic research and literary criticism, and the Qajar court lexicography school prepared dictionaries based on the royal court's official language. The modernity and reform school organized dictionaries according to the requirements of contemporary Persian, while the linguistics school developed lexicons based on the structural foundations and principles of the language. The comparative literature school prepared dictionaries that compared Persian literature with other languages, and the contemporary philosophy school compiled lexicons on modern philosophical theories and terms. The social sciences school incorporated social science terminology into Persian, and the historical lexicography school produced dictionaries based on the historical aspects of the Persian language. Moreover, the comparative lexicography school compared Persian with other languages and compiled dictionaries, while the vernacular lexicography school focused on dictionaries based on the popular language and dialects. The technical lexicography school prepared dictionaries for scientific, technical, and professional fields, while the educational lexicography school compiled dictionaries for academic curricula. Lastly, the general lexicography school created comprehensive dictionaries that included all types of words and terms. In summary, the various schools of Persian lexicography, each with its unique focus, have illuminated different aspects of the Persian language and contributed significantly to its development and preservation.