PORTRAYAL OF MARGINALIZED PAKHĪWĀS TRIBES IN IQBAL HASSAN BHAPLA’S NOVELS

Abstract

This article examines the novels Mehru and Basanti by Iqbal Hassan Bhapla, focusing on the theme of class struggle and its impact on the Pakhīwās people. Through the lens of these narratives, Bhapla sheds light on the social and economic disparities that characterize the lives of marginalized communities in Southern Punjab. The characters in both novels navigate a complex landscape defined by systemic oppression, cultural marginalization, and historical injustices. Mehru highlights the intersection of love and class divisions, portraying the protagonist's struggle for identity and dignity against a backdrop of colonial influences. In contrast, Basanti presents a more direct representation of the Pakhīwās as they grapple with their societal status and the exploitation they endure. Through these works, Bhapla not only amplifies the voices of the oppressed but also critiques the broader socio-economic structures that perpetuate inequality. Ultimately, this article underscores the significance of Saraiki literature as a vehicle for social commentary, illustrating how Bhapla's storytelling reflects the enduring quest for justice and recognition among the Pakhīwās and similar marginalized groups.