Married Women's Career Trajectories and Their Impact on Life Satisfaction: A Literature Review
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.sidebar##
Published
Mar 31, 2023
Download
Statistic
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
This literature review critically examines the professional experiences and life satisfaction of married women, exploring both global perspectives and the specific challenges faced by married women in the context of Pakistan. The study delves into the multifaceted aspects of married women's careers and personal lives, highlighting the complex interplay between these domains.Married women's professional experiences in the global context have evolved significantly over the years. Increasingly, women are pursuing careers and achieving remarkable success. However, they continue to grapple with a variety of challenges such as the gender pay gap, work-life balance issues, and biases in the workplace. The global context reflects growing awareness of the importance of supporting and empowering married women to reach their full potential, both professionally and personally.In the Pakistani context, the challenges faced by married women are nuanced and influenced by cultural, social, and economic factors. Many women in Pakistan experience traditional gender roles and expectations that can limit their career opportunities. Gender disparities in education, unequal access to employment opportunities, and societal expectations can create significant barriers for married women in the workplace. Furthermore, challenges related to family and childcare responsibilities often strain their work-life balance.Despite the obstacles faced by married women in Pakistan, there is a growing recognition of the importance of support systems. These systems include policies promoting gender equality, initiatives to address work-life balance, and the emergence of supportive networks and organizations. These support mechanisms aim to enhance career opportunities and overall life satisfaction for married women in Pakistan.This literature review sheds light on the global trends and specific challenges encountered by married women in Pakistan, highlighting the need for continued efforts to create a more inclusive and equitable professional landscape for them. The ongoing discourse in this area underscores the significance of addressing these issues to improve the life satisfaction of married women, not just in Pakistan but also on a global scale.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Adams, G. A., & Jex, S. M. (2016). Relationships between work-life balance and employee performance, commitment, and job satisfaction. Journal of Business and Psychology, 31(4), 517-531.
Adams, L. S., & White, A. E. (2021). Work-family balance and well-being: The role of occupational identity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(2), 198-211.
Ali, S. (2021). Marriage Practices in Pakistan: A Cultural Perspective. Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities Research, 7(2), 132-141.
Amato, P. R., & Booth, A. (1996). A prospective study of divorce and parent-child relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 356-365.
Amato, P. R., & Booth, A. (2001). The legacy of parents' marital discord: Consequences for children's marital quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 627–638.
Anderson, L., & Davis, J. (2021). Work-life conflict and communication in dual-earner couples. Journal of Family Issues, 42(3), 523-541.
Anderson, L., & Davis, K. (2021). Work-Life Balance and Parenting: Strategies for Professional Mothers. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 113(2), 43-51.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Euwema, M. C. (2005). Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(2), 170–180.
Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (2018). Communication in couples: The impact of new and evolving technologies. Family Relations, 67(1), 6-19.
Barnett, R. C., & Hyde, J. S. (2001). Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 56(10), 781–796.
Barnett, R. C., & Hyde, J. S. (2001). Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 56(10), 781-796.
Barnett, R. C., & Hyde, J. S. (2020). Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 75(5), 630–646.
Baucom, D. H., Epstein, N. B., Rankin, L. A., & Burnett, C. K. (1996). Assessing relationship standards: The Inventory of Specific Relationship Standards. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(1), 82–97.
Birditt, K. S., & Antonucci, T. C. (2008). Relationship quality profiles and well-being among married adults. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(4), 583-587.
Blair-Loy, M. (2019). Flexibility stigma and discrimination. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management. Oxford University Press
Boushey, H. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on gender equality. Center for American Progress.
Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. H. (2000). Research on the nature and determinants of marital satisfaction: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 964–980.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589-597.
Brown, A., & Wilson, L. (2018). Professional work and life satisfaction for married women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(3), 678-691.
Brown, E., & Davis, K. (2022). Workplace flexibility and work-life balance for professional women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 128(3), 345-361.
Brown, R. J., & Jones, D. M. (2020). The role of occupational identity in employee well-being and engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 118, 103396.
Brown, S. V., & Williams, D. (2018). Work-Life Balance and Marital Quality. In Marriage and Family Encyclopedia.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020). Labor force participation rates by sex, marital status, and presence and age of children under 18, 1975-2019. https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cpseea10.htm
Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009
Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169-198.
Catalyst. (2019). Women CEOs of the Fortune 500.
Catalyst. (2020). Quick take: Women in management.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. Sage.
Chen, L., & Lee, S. (2023). The role of time management in the relationship between professional women's parenting and life satisfaction. Journal of Family Studies, 40(2), 187-201.
Cuddy, A. (2018). Presence: Bringing Your Boldest Self to Your Biggest Challenges. Little, Brown Spark.
Davis, K. D., & Smith, B. L. (2019). Job characteristics and life satisfaction among married women. Journal of Career Development, 46(2), 122-136.
Davis, L., & Johnson, M. (2020). The role of working mothers in promoting emotional intelligence in their children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 72, 101271.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512.
Dewilde, C., Van Landeghem, B., & van de Velde, C. (2013). The relation between women’s work trajectories and their life satisfaction in Belgium. Community, Work & Family, 16(1), 99–118.
Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M. (2020). Taking Gender Into Account: Theory and Design for Women's Leadership Development Programs. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-084.
Falconier, M. K., Jackson, J. B., Hilpert, P., & Bodenmann, G. (2015). Dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 28-46.
Feldt, L. S. (2019). Family supportive supervisor behaviors, work engagement, and work-family conflict. Family Relations, 68(1), 34-47.
Fernandez, M. (2018). Women in the Workplace: A Research Roundup. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/12/women-in-the-workplace-a-research-roundup
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Barnes, G. M. (1996). Work-family conflict, gender, and health-related outcomes: A study of employed parents in two community samples. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 57–69.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Barnes, G. M. (1996). Work-family conflict, gender, and health-related outcomes: A study of employed parents in two community samples. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 57-69.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Publishing Company.
Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1992). Marital processes predictive of later dissolution: Behavior, physiology, and health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(2), 221–233.
Grant, A. M. (2019). The Dark Side of Emotional Intelligence. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/201
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72-92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work-family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111-126.
Helliwell, J. F., & Huang, H. (2019). Well-being and trust in the workplace. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(3), 745-768.
Iqbal, N. (2020). Understanding Pakistani Culture and the Role of Arranged Marriages. Journal of International Women's Studies, 21(7), 87-99.
Jenkins, S., & Murray, L. (2018). The Importance of Communication in the Parent-Child Relationship: Implications for Professional Mothers. Journal of Applied Family Studies, 26(3), 134-150.
Johnson, E. O., & Johnson, B. E. (2018). Marital support and life satisfaction among married women. Marriage & Family Review, 54(4), 372-389.
Johnson, M. (2021). Cultural influences on the life satisfaction of married women: A systematic review. Cultural Psychology Review, 15(2), 189-206.
Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2020). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. SAGE Publications.
Johnson, R. W., & Skinner, J. N. (2019). Work–family Conflict, Job Stress, and the Quality of Married Life: A Study of Female Physicians. Marriage & Family Review, 55(1), 3–24.
Johnson, R., & Parker, E. (2019). The influence of maternal employment on children's moral development. Journal of Family Studies, 25(3), 276-290.
Johnson, R., & Thompson, M. (2022). Socialization activities of working mothers: A qualitative study. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 45, 102-115.
Johnson, R., & Williams, M. (2022). Support Networks and Parenting: A Comparative Study of Professional Mothers. Journal of Work and Family, 39(1), 78-92.
Johnson, S., Díaz-Sánchez, R., & Jones, M. (2021
Jones, S., et al. (2021). Values-based parenting: Promoting ethical behavior in children. Child Development, 92(4), 1395-1414.
Jones, S., Smith, K., & Davis, L. (2019). Experiences of married women in different professions: A mixed-methods review. Gender and Work, 26(4), 423-440.
Khan, S. (2019). Changing Patterns of Marriage in Pakistan: Urban-Rural Differences. Journal of Pakistan Vision, 20(2), 124-125
Kim, H. (2018). Work-life balance and job satisfaction: Mediating effects of self-care activities. Human Resources for Health, 16(1), 1–9.
Kossek, E. E., & Lambert, S. J. (2005). Work and life integration: Organizational, cultural, and individual perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lee, J. H., & Kim, S. (2021). The role of leisure activity in work-life balance: Moderating effect of life satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 45(1), 162–187.
Li, J., Chen, H., & Hsu, T. (2020). Traditional gender roles and life satisfaction
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Martinez, E., & Garcia, P. (2022). Communication, marital satisfaction, and psychological distress among married professional women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 84(1), 245-259.
Matos, K., & Galinsky, E. (2020). Motherhood as a source of bias at work. Current Opinion in Psychology, 33, 63–67.
Miller, K., & Lewis, C. (2022). Financial education practices of working parents. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56(2), 480-506.
Ms.Shivi Mittal(2015), “CHALLENGES FACED BY WORKING WOMEN AT WORKPLACE, FAMILY AND SOCIETY -ITS MAJOR ISSUES, IMPACT AND REMEDIAL MEASURES”, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences And Humanities, ISSN: 2249-4642
Neff, K. D., & Knox, M. C. (2016). Self-compassion. In Encyclopedia of Mental Health (2nd ed., pp. 475-478). Academic Press.
Nomaguchi, K. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2003). Costs and rewards of children: The effects of becoming a parent on adults’ lives. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(2), 356-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00356.x
Parker, H., & Wiley, J. (2021). Balancing work and family: Time allocation strategies of professional women. Journal of Gender and Society, 35(4), 543-560.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage Publications
Pleck, J. H. (1985). Working wives/working husbands: A research note. Family Relations, 34(2), 277-282.
Praag, L. V. (2016). Job and marital satisfaction and the role of gender in dual-earner couples. Journal of Family Issues, 37(9), 1231-1254.
Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M., & Buehler, C. (2007). Marital quality and personal well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(3), 576-593.
Rapoza, K. (2020, February 17). 10 tips for managing work-life balance as a woman. Forbes.
Roberts, J., & Smith, M. (2019). Financial literacy in children: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(3), 519-534.
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918-924.
Smith, A. (2020). Empowering children through decision-making: A pathway to independence. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37
Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2022). Communication and life satisfaction in married professional women. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(4), 1075-1090.
Smith, A., & Johnson, E. (2020). Quality Time Spent Together: Strengthening Parent-Child Relationships for Professional Mothers. Journal of Parenting and Child Development
Smith, K. A., & Johnson, M. D. (2019). Occupational identity and life satisfaction in professional married women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(2), 219-233.
Smith, R. (2020). Factors influencing the life satisfaction of married women: A systematic review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(5), 1483-1502
Sung, Y.-H., & Choi, E. (2018). The effects of job characteristics on life satisfaction of married women: Focusing on gender and family characteristics. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 24(2), 161–171.
Thompson, R., & Brown, S. (2023). The role of communication in relationship satisfaction among married professional women. Journal of Family Communication, 44(2), 145-162
Varsha Kumari(2014), “PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGESFACED BY URBAN WORKING WOMEN IN INDIA” , A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Williams, J. C., Blair-Loy, M., & Berdahl, J. L. (2013). Cultural schemas, social class, and the flexibility stigma. Journal of Social Issues, 69(2),
World Economic Forum. (2021). The global gender gap report 2021.
Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(1), 21-33.
Adams, L. S., & White, A. E. (2021). Work-family balance and well-being: The role of occupational identity. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(2), 198-211.
Ali, S. (2021). Marriage Practices in Pakistan: A Cultural Perspective. Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities Research, 7(2), 132-141.
Amato, P. R., & Booth, A. (1996). A prospective study of divorce and parent-child relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(2), 356-365.
Amato, P. R., & Booth, A. (2001). The legacy of parents' marital discord: Consequences for children's marital quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 627–638.
Anderson, L., & Davis, J. (2021). Work-life conflict and communication in dual-earner couples. Journal of Family Issues, 42(3), 523-541.
Anderson, L., & Davis, K. (2021). Work-Life Balance and Parenting: Strategies for Professional Mothers. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 113(2), 43-51.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Euwema, M. C. (2005). Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(2), 170–180.
Barnes, H. L., & Olson, D. H. (2018). Communication in couples: The impact of new and evolving technologies. Family Relations, 67(1), 6-19.
Barnett, R. C., & Hyde, J. S. (2001). Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 56(10), 781–796.
Barnett, R. C., & Hyde, J. S. (2001). Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 56(10), 781-796.
Barnett, R. C., & Hyde, J. S. (2020). Women, men, work, and family: An expansionist theory. American Psychologist, 75(5), 630–646.
Baucom, D. H., Epstein, N. B., Rankin, L. A., & Burnett, C. K. (1996). Assessing relationship standards: The Inventory of Specific Relationship Standards. Journal of Family Psychology, 10(1), 82–97.
Birditt, K. S., & Antonucci, T. C. (2008). Relationship quality profiles and well-being among married adults. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(4), 583-587.
Blair-Loy, M. (2019). Flexibility stigma and discrimination. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management. Oxford University Press
Boushey, H. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on gender equality. Center for American Progress.
Bradbury, T. N., Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. H. (2000). Research on the nature and determinants of marital satisfaction: A decade in review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 964–980.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589-597.
Brown, A., & Wilson, L. (2018). Professional work and life satisfaction for married women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 80(3), 678-691.
Brown, E., & Davis, K. (2022). Workplace flexibility and work-life balance for professional women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 128(3), 345-361.
Brown, R. J., & Jones, D. M. (2020). The role of occupational identity in employee well-being and engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 118, 103396.
Brown, S. V., & Williams, D. (2018). Work-Life Balance and Marital Quality. In Marriage and Family Encyclopedia.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2020). Labor force participation rates by sex, marital status, and presence and age of children under 18, 1975-2019. https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cpseea10.htm
Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009
Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169-198.
Catalyst. (2019). Women CEOs of the Fortune 500.
Catalyst. (2020). Quick take: Women in management.
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. Sage.
Chen, L., & Lee, S. (2023). The role of time management in the relationship between professional women's parenting and life satisfaction. Journal of Family Studies, 40(2), 187-201.
Cuddy, A. (2018). Presence: Bringing Your Boldest Self to Your Biggest Challenges. Little, Brown Spark.
Davis, K. D., & Smith, B. L. (2019). Job characteristics and life satisfaction among married women. Journal of Career Development, 46(2), 122-136.
Davis, L., & Johnson, M. (2020). The role of working mothers in promoting emotional intelligence in their children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 72, 101271.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512.
Dewilde, C., Van Landeghem, B., & van de Velde, C. (2013). The relation between women’s work trajectories and their life satisfaction in Belgium. Community, Work & Family, 16(1), 99–118.
Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Kolb, D. M. (2020). Taking Gender Into Account: Theory and Design for Women's Leadership Development Programs. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-084.
Falconier, M. K., Jackson, J. B., Hilpert, P., & Bodenmann, G. (2015). Dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 42, 28-46.
Feldt, L. S. (2019). Family supportive supervisor behaviors, work engagement, and work-family conflict. Family Relations, 68(1), 34-47.
Fernandez, M. (2018). Women in the Workplace: A Research Roundup. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/12/women-in-the-workplace-a-research-roundup
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Barnes, G. M. (1996). Work-family conflict, gender, and health-related outcomes: A study of employed parents in two community samples. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 57–69.
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Barnes, G. M. (1996). Work-family conflict, gender, and health-related outcomes: A study of employed parents in two community samples. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 57-69.
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Publishing Company.
Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (1992). Marital processes predictive of later dissolution: Behavior, physiology, and health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(2), 221–233.
Grant, A. M. (2019). The Dark Side of Emotional Intelligence. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/201
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72-92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work-family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111-126.
Helliwell, J. F., & Huang, H. (2019). Well-being and trust in the workplace. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(3), 745-768.
Iqbal, N. (2020). Understanding Pakistani Culture and the Role of Arranged Marriages. Journal of International Women's Studies, 21(7), 87-99.
Jenkins, S., & Murray, L. (2018). The Importance of Communication in the Parent-Child Relationship: Implications for Professional Mothers. Journal of Applied Family Studies, 26(3), 134-150.
Johnson, E. O., & Johnson, B. E. (2018). Marital support and life satisfaction among married women. Marriage & Family Review, 54(4), 372-389.
Johnson, M. (2021). Cultural influences on the life satisfaction of married women: A systematic review. Cultural Psychology Review, 15(2), 189-206.
Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2020). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. SAGE Publications.
Johnson, R. W., & Skinner, J. N. (2019). Work–family Conflict, Job Stress, and the Quality of Married Life: A Study of Female Physicians. Marriage & Family Review, 55(1), 3–24.
Johnson, R., & Parker, E. (2019). The influence of maternal employment on children's moral development. Journal of Family Studies, 25(3), 276-290.
Johnson, R., & Thompson, M. (2022). Socialization activities of working mothers: A qualitative study. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 45, 102-115.
Johnson, R., & Williams, M. (2022). Support Networks and Parenting: A Comparative Study of Professional Mothers. Journal of Work and Family, 39(1), 78-92.
Johnson, S., Díaz-Sánchez, R., & Jones, M. (2021
Jones, S., et al. (2021). Values-based parenting: Promoting ethical behavior in children. Child Development, 92(4), 1395-1414.
Jones, S., Smith, K., & Davis, L. (2019). Experiences of married women in different professions: A mixed-methods review. Gender and Work, 26(4), 423-440.
Khan, S. (2019). Changing Patterns of Marriage in Pakistan: Urban-Rural Differences. Journal of Pakistan Vision, 20(2), 124-125
Kim, H. (2018). Work-life balance and job satisfaction: Mediating effects of self-care activities. Human Resources for Health, 16(1), 1–9.
Kossek, E. E., & Lambert, S. J. (2005). Work and life integration: Organizational, cultural, and individual perspectives. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lee, J. H., & Kim, S. (2021). The role of leisure activity in work-life balance: Moderating effect of life satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 45(1), 162–187.
Li, J., Chen, H., & Hsu, T. (2020). Traditional gender roles and life satisfaction
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Martinez, E., & Garcia, P. (2022). Communication, marital satisfaction, and psychological distress among married professional women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 84(1), 245-259.
Matos, K., & Galinsky, E. (2020). Motherhood as a source of bias at work. Current Opinion in Psychology, 33, 63–67.
Miller, K., & Lewis, C. (2022). Financial education practices of working parents. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56(2), 480-506.
Ms.Shivi Mittal(2015), “CHALLENGES FACED BY WORKING WOMEN AT WORKPLACE, FAMILY AND SOCIETY -ITS MAJOR ISSUES, IMPACT AND REMEDIAL MEASURES”, International Journal of Research in Social Sciences And Humanities, ISSN: 2249-4642
Neff, K. D., & Knox, M. C. (2016). Self-compassion. In Encyclopedia of Mental Health (2nd ed., pp. 475-478). Academic Press.
Nomaguchi, K. M., & Milkie, M. A. (2003). Costs and rewards of children: The effects of becoming a parent on adults’ lives. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(2), 356-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00356.x
Parker, H., & Wiley, J. (2021). Balancing work and family: Time allocation strategies of professional women. Journal of Gender and Society, 35(4), 543-560.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage Publications
Pleck, J. H. (1985). Working wives/working husbands: A research note. Family Relations, 34(2), 277-282.
Praag, L. V. (2016). Job and marital satisfaction and the role of gender in dual-earner couples. Journal of Family Issues, 37(9), 1231-1254.
Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M., & Buehler, C. (2007). Marital quality and personal well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(3), 576-593.
Rapoza, K. (2020, February 17). 10 tips for managing work-life balance as a woman. Forbes.
Roberts, J., & Smith, M. (2019). Financial literacy in children: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(3), 519-534.
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997). Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science, 277(5328), 918-924.
Smith, A. (2020). Empowering children through decision-making: A pathway to independence. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37
Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2022). Communication and life satisfaction in married professional women. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23(4), 1075-1090.
Smith, A., & Johnson, E. (2020). Quality Time Spent Together: Strengthening Parent-Child Relationships for Professional Mothers. Journal of Parenting and Child Development
Smith, K. A., & Johnson, M. D. (2019). Occupational identity and life satisfaction in professional married women. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(2), 219-233.
Smith, R. (2020). Factors influencing the life satisfaction of married women: A systematic review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(5), 1483-1502
Sung, Y.-H., & Choi, E. (2018). The effects of job characteristics on life satisfaction of married women: Focusing on gender and family characteristics. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing, 24(2), 161–171.
Thompson, R., & Brown, S. (2023). The role of communication in relationship satisfaction among married professional women. Journal of Family Communication, 44(2), 145-162
Varsha Kumari(2014), “PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGESFACED BY URBAN WORKING WOMEN IN INDIA” , A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Williams, J. C., Blair-Loy, M., & Berdahl, J. L. (2013). Cultural schemas, social class, and the flexibility stigma. Journal of Social Issues, 69(2),
World Economic Forum. (2021). The global gender gap report 2021.
Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(1), 21-33.