Role of Metalinguistic Domains in English Language Performance A Study of Classroom Practices
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Sep 30, 2023
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Abstract
This research delves into the perceptions of English language teachers from secondary schools in Lahore, Pakistan, regarding the role of metalinguistic awareness in their students' language learning and classroom performance. Through semi-structured interviews, the study explores how educators perceive metalinguistic awareness as fundamental for language mastery, an enhancer of problem-solving and critical thinking, a catalyst for improved communication and self-expression, and a means to tailor instruction and support individual learners. Additionally, the research underscores the necessity of considering cultural and contextual factors in the teaching of metalinguistic awareness. Findings from this study align with established research in the field and emphasize the significance of integrating metalinguistic awareness effectively into language instruction to nurture proficient, adaptable, and culturally aware language learners.
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References
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Akram, H., Yingxiu, Y., Al-Adwan, A. S., & Alkhalifah, A. (2021). Technology integration in higher education during COVID-19: An assessment of online teaching competencies through technological pedagogical content knowledge model. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 736522.
Amgott, N., & Gorham, J. A. (2023). Embodied modes in L2 French video reflections: Supporting metalinguistic awareness, organization, and community. Foreign Language Annals, 56(2), 501-523.
Apel, K., Wilson-Fowler, E. B., Brimo, D., & Perrin, N. A. (2012). Metalinguistic contributions to reading and spelling in second and third grade students. Reading and writing, 25, 1283-1305.
Aydin, F. (2019). Investigating the Relationship between Metalinguistic Knowledge and L2 Writing Among Intermediate-level Adult Turkish EFL Learners. Issues in Language Studies, 8(1).
Bessy, M., & Knouse, S. M. (2020). Metacognition, metalinguistic awareness, and relevance in language learning: a report on an intervention module project. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14(2), 9.
Bessy, M., & Knouse, S. M. (2020). Metacognition, metalinguistic awareness, and relevance in language learning: a report on an intervention module project. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14(2), 9.
Bhutto, J and Ramzan. M. (2021). “ENGLISH: Verses of Quran, Gender Issues, Feminine Injustice, and Media Transmission - CDA of Pakistani Press Reports”. Rahatulquloob 5 (2), 111-26.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health, 11(4), 589-597.
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., ... & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661.
Cheng, H. Y., & Ding, Q. T. (2021). Examining the behavioral features of Chinese teachers and students in the learner-centered instruction. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 36, 169-186.
Dong, Y., Peng, S. N., Sun, Y. K., Wu, S. X. Y., & Wang, W. S. (2020). Reading comprehension and metalinguistic knowledge in Chinese readers: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 3037.
Ikramullah, Ramzan, M. & Javaid, Z. K. (2023). Psychological Factors Influencing Pashto Speaking ESL Students’ Pronunciation of English Vowels. Pakistan Journal of Society, Education and Language (PJSEL), 9(2), 52–63.
Javaid, Z. K., Andleeb, N., & Rana, S. (2023). Psychological Perspective on Advanced Learners’ Foreign Language-related Emotions across the Four Skills. Voyage Journal of Educational Studies, 3 (2), 191-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58622/vjes.v3i2.57
Javaid, Z. K., & Mahmood, K. (2023). Efficacy of Expressive Writing Therapy in Reducing Embitterment among University Students. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 2(02), 136-145.
Javaid, Z.K. & Mahmood, K. (2023). Exploration of Embitterment among University Students: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Policy Research. 9 (3), 124–129. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00005.
Javaid, Z. K., Mahmood, K., & Ali, A. A. (2023). Mediating Role of Mindfulness between Quality of Life and Workplace Stress among Working Women. Journal of Workplace Behavior, 4(1), 68-80.
Jessner, U. (2008). A DST model of multilingualism and the role of metalinguistic awareness. The modern language journal, 92(2), 270-283.
Kersten, K., Schelletter, C., Bruhn, A. C., & Ponto, K. (2021). Quality of L2 input and cognitive skills predict L2 grammar comprehension in instructed SLA independently. Languages, 6(3), 124.
Khan, K., & Javaid, Z. K. (2023). Analyzing Employee Performance through Workforce Diversity Management: Role of Workforce Diversity Characteristics. Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics, 8(2), 85-101.
Lasa-Alvarez, B. (2021). Enhancing Productive Skills in Plurilingual Educational Settings through Metalinguistic Awareness and Instructional Dialogue. New Horizons in English Studies, 6(1), 3-17.
Lasa-Alvarez, B. (2021). Enhancing Productive Skills in Plurilingual Educational Settings through Metalinguistic Awareness and Instructional Dialogue. New Horizons in English Studies, 6(1), 3-17.
Lloyd, J. S., & Lee, A. H. (2022). The effects of various combinations of form-focused instruction techniques on the acquisition of English articles by second language learners of English. Language Teaching Research, 13621688231193153.
Maqbool, H., Mahmood, D. K., Zaidi, S. M. I. H., Ajid, A., Javaid, Z. K., Mazhar, R. (2021). The Predictive Role of Social Support in Social Adjustment and Academic Achievement among University Students. Psychology and Education, 58 (5), 2745-2753.
Mousa, M. O., & Yahya, N. Q. (2022). Metalinguistic Awareness is an Important Factor for Developing EFL Students’ Performance in Learning English Language. Journal of STEPS for Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(3), 6.
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011). Identity, language learning, and social change. Language teaching, 44(4), 412-446.
Pellet, S., & Myers, L. (2022). What’s wrong with “What is your name?”>“Quel est votre nom?”: Teaching responsible use of MT through discursive competence and metalanguage awareness. L2 Journal, 14(1).
Piaget, J. (1959). The language and thought of the child (Vol. 5). Psychology Press.
Ramzan, M.& Khan, M. A. (2019) CDA OF BALOCHISTAN NEWSPAPERS HEADLINES - A STUDY OF NAWABS’ STEREOTYPED IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS, Annual Research Journal ‘Hankén’, Vol. XI, 2019,27-42.
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., & Ali, A. A. (2023). Perception of Students about Collaborative Strategies Employed by Teachers for Enhancing English Vocabulary and Learning Motivation. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 2(02), 146-158.
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., Kareem, A., & Mobeen, S. (2023). Amplifying Classroom Enjoyment and Cultivating Positive Learning Attitudes among ESL Learners. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11 (2), 2298-2308. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1102.0522
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., & Khan, M. A. (2023). Psychological Discursiveness in Language Use of Imran Khan’s Speech on National Issues. Global Language Review, VIII (II), 214-225. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(VIII-II).19
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., & Fatima, M. (2023). Empowering ESL Students: Harnessing the Potential of Social Media to Enhance Academic Motivation in Higher Education. Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI (II), 224-237. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-II).15
Ramzan, M., Bibi, R., & Khunsa, N. (2023). Unraveling the Link between Social Media Usage and Academic Achievement among ESL Learners: A Quantitative Analysis. Global. Educational Studies Review, VIII(II), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).37
Ramzan et al. (2021) POLITICS AS RHETORIC: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF SELECTEDPAKISTANI POLITICIANS' PRESS STATEMENTS, Humanities & Social Sciences ReviewsVol 9, No 3, 2021, pp 1063-1070.
Ramzan, M., Azmat, Z., Khan. M.A. & Nisa, Z. (2023) Subject-Verb Agreement Errors in ESL Students' Academic Writing: A Surface Taxonomy Approach, MARS Publishers, Linguistic Forum, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2023 Pages 16-21.
Ramzan, M., Oteir, I., Khan, M. A., Al-Otaibi, A., & Malik, S. (2023). English learning motivation of ESL learners from ethnic, gender, and cultural perspectives in sustainable development goals. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 12(3), 195-212
Ramzan, M. Mushtaq, A. & Ashraf, Z. (2023) Evacuation of Difficulties and Challenges for Academic Writing in ESL Learning. University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics & Literature VOL. 7 ISSUE I (2023), 42-49.
Reder, F., Marec‐Breton, N., Gombert, J. E., & Demont, E. (2013). Second‐language learners’ advantage in metalinguistic awareness: A question of languages’ characteristics. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 686-702.
Sanosi, A. B. (2022). Correlation of EFL learners’ metalinguistic knowledge and grammatical accuracy. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(3), 908-925.
Trybulec, M. (2021). Skillful use of symbolizations and the dual nature of metalinguistic awareness. Language Sciences, 84, 101356.
Tsareva, E., Bogoudinova, R., & Volkova, E. (2021). Metalinguistic awareness in technical communication. In Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2020), Volume 1 23 (pp. 232-240). Springer International Publishing.
Vanhove, J. (2019). Metalinguistic knowledge about the native language and language transfer in gender assignment. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 397-419.
Wagley, N., Marks, R. A., Bedore, L. M., & Kovelman, I. (2022). Contributions of bilingual home environment and language proficiency on children’s Spanish–English reading outcomes. Child Development, 93(4), 881-899.
Watson, A. M., Newman, R. M., & Morgan, S. D. (2021). Metatalk and metalinguistic knowledge: The interplay of procedural and declarative knowledge in the classroom discourse of first-language grammar teaching. Language Awareness, 30(3), 257-275.
Zerva, I. K. (2023). Metalinguistic abilities: The contribution to writing. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1),
Akram, H., & Abdelrady, A. H. (2023). Application of ClassPoint tool in reducing EFL learners’ test anxiety: an empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia. Journal of Computers in Education, 1-19.
Akram, H., Yang, Y., Ahmad, N., & Aslam, S. (2020). Factors Contributing Low English Language Literacy in Rural Primary Schools of Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of English Linguistics, 10(6), 335-346.
Akram, H., Yingxiu, Y., Al-Adwan, A. S., & Alkhalifah, A. (2021). Technology integration in higher education during COVID-19: An assessment of online teaching competencies through technological pedagogical content knowledge model. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 736522.
Amgott, N., & Gorham, J. A. (2023). Embodied modes in L2 French video reflections: Supporting metalinguistic awareness, organization, and community. Foreign Language Annals, 56(2), 501-523.
Apel, K., Wilson-Fowler, E. B., Brimo, D., & Perrin, N. A. (2012). Metalinguistic contributions to reading and spelling in second and third grade students. Reading and writing, 25, 1283-1305.
Aydin, F. (2019). Investigating the Relationship between Metalinguistic Knowledge and L2 Writing Among Intermediate-level Adult Turkish EFL Learners. Issues in Language Studies, 8(1).
Bessy, M., & Knouse, S. M. (2020). Metacognition, metalinguistic awareness, and relevance in language learning: a report on an intervention module project. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14(2), 9.
Bessy, M., & Knouse, S. M. (2020). Metacognition, metalinguistic awareness, and relevance in language learning: a report on an intervention module project. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 14(2), 9.
Bhutto, J and Ramzan. M. (2021). “ENGLISH: Verses of Quran, Gender Issues, Feminine Injustice, and Media Transmission - CDA of Pakistani Press Reports”. Rahatulquloob 5 (2), 111-26.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health, 11(4), 589-597.
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., ... & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661.
Cheng, H. Y., & Ding, Q. T. (2021). Examining the behavioral features of Chinese teachers and students in the learner-centered instruction. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 36, 169-186.
Dong, Y., Peng, S. N., Sun, Y. K., Wu, S. X. Y., & Wang, W. S. (2020). Reading comprehension and metalinguistic knowledge in Chinese readers: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 3037.
Ikramullah, Ramzan, M. & Javaid, Z. K. (2023). Psychological Factors Influencing Pashto Speaking ESL Students’ Pronunciation of English Vowels. Pakistan Journal of Society, Education and Language (PJSEL), 9(2), 52–63.
Javaid, Z. K., Andleeb, N., & Rana, S. (2023). Psychological Perspective on Advanced Learners’ Foreign Language-related Emotions across the Four Skills. Voyage Journal of Educational Studies, 3 (2), 191-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58622/vjes.v3i2.57
Javaid, Z. K., & Mahmood, K. (2023). Efficacy of Expressive Writing Therapy in Reducing Embitterment among University Students. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 2(02), 136-145.
Javaid, Z.K. & Mahmood, K. (2023). Exploration of Embitterment among University Students: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Policy Research. 9 (3), 124–129. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00005.
Javaid, Z. K., Mahmood, K., & Ali, A. A. (2023). Mediating Role of Mindfulness between Quality of Life and Workplace Stress among Working Women. Journal of Workplace Behavior, 4(1), 68-80.
Jessner, U. (2008). A DST model of multilingualism and the role of metalinguistic awareness. The modern language journal, 92(2), 270-283.
Kersten, K., Schelletter, C., Bruhn, A. C., & Ponto, K. (2021). Quality of L2 input and cognitive skills predict L2 grammar comprehension in instructed SLA independently. Languages, 6(3), 124.
Khan, K., & Javaid, Z. K. (2023). Analyzing Employee Performance through Workforce Diversity Management: Role of Workforce Diversity Characteristics. Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics, 8(2), 85-101.
Lasa-Alvarez, B. (2021). Enhancing Productive Skills in Plurilingual Educational Settings through Metalinguistic Awareness and Instructional Dialogue. New Horizons in English Studies, 6(1), 3-17.
Lasa-Alvarez, B. (2021). Enhancing Productive Skills in Plurilingual Educational Settings through Metalinguistic Awareness and Instructional Dialogue. New Horizons in English Studies, 6(1), 3-17.
Lloyd, J. S., & Lee, A. H. (2022). The effects of various combinations of form-focused instruction techniques on the acquisition of English articles by second language learners of English. Language Teaching Research, 13621688231193153.
Maqbool, H., Mahmood, D. K., Zaidi, S. M. I. H., Ajid, A., Javaid, Z. K., Mazhar, R. (2021). The Predictive Role of Social Support in Social Adjustment and Academic Achievement among University Students. Psychology and Education, 58 (5), 2745-2753.
Mousa, M. O., & Yahya, N. Q. (2022). Metalinguistic Awareness is an Important Factor for Developing EFL Students’ Performance in Learning English Language. Journal of STEPS for Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(3), 6.
Norton, B., & Toohey, K. (2011). Identity, language learning, and social change. Language teaching, 44(4), 412-446.
Pellet, S., & Myers, L. (2022). What’s wrong with “What is your name?”>“Quel est votre nom?”: Teaching responsible use of MT through discursive competence and metalanguage awareness. L2 Journal, 14(1).
Piaget, J. (1959). The language and thought of the child (Vol. 5). Psychology Press.
Ramzan, M.& Khan, M. A. (2019) CDA OF BALOCHISTAN NEWSPAPERS HEADLINES - A STUDY OF NAWABS’ STEREOTYPED IDEOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS, Annual Research Journal ‘Hankén’, Vol. XI, 2019,27-42.
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., & Ali, A. A. (2023). Perception of Students about Collaborative Strategies Employed by Teachers for Enhancing English Vocabulary and Learning Motivation. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 2(02), 146-158.
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., Kareem, A., & Mobeen, S. (2023). Amplifying Classroom Enjoyment and Cultivating Positive Learning Attitudes among ESL Learners. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11 (2), 2298-2308. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1102.0522
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., & Khan, M. A. (2023). Psychological Discursiveness in Language Use of Imran Khan’s Speech on National Issues. Global Language Review, VIII (II), 214-225. https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(VIII-II).19
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., & Fatima, M. (2023). Empowering ESL Students: Harnessing the Potential of Social Media to Enhance Academic Motivation in Higher Education. Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI (II), 224-237. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-II).15
Ramzan, M., Bibi, R., & Khunsa, N. (2023). Unraveling the Link between Social Media Usage and Academic Achievement among ESL Learners: A Quantitative Analysis. Global. Educational Studies Review, VIII(II), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2023(VIII-II).37
Ramzan et al. (2021) POLITICS AS RHETORIC: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF SELECTEDPAKISTANI POLITICIANS' PRESS STATEMENTS, Humanities & Social Sciences ReviewsVol 9, No 3, 2021, pp 1063-1070.
Ramzan, M., Azmat, Z., Khan. M.A. & Nisa, Z. (2023) Subject-Verb Agreement Errors in ESL Students' Academic Writing: A Surface Taxonomy Approach, MARS Publishers, Linguistic Forum, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2023 Pages 16-21.
Ramzan, M., Oteir, I., Khan, M. A., Al-Otaibi, A., & Malik, S. (2023). English learning motivation of ESL learners from ethnic, gender, and cultural perspectives in sustainable development goals. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 12(3), 195-212
Ramzan, M. Mushtaq, A. & Ashraf, Z. (2023) Evacuation of Difficulties and Challenges for Academic Writing in ESL Learning. University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics & Literature VOL. 7 ISSUE I (2023), 42-49.
Reder, F., Marec‐Breton, N., Gombert, J. E., & Demont, E. (2013). Second‐language learners’ advantage in metalinguistic awareness: A question of languages’ characteristics. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 686-702.
Sanosi, A. B. (2022). Correlation of EFL learners’ metalinguistic knowledge and grammatical accuracy. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(3), 908-925.
Trybulec, M. (2021). Skillful use of symbolizations and the dual nature of metalinguistic awareness. Language Sciences, 84, 101356.
Tsareva, E., Bogoudinova, R., & Volkova, E. (2021). Metalinguistic awareness in technical communication. In Educating Engineers for Future Industrial Revolutions: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL2020), Volume 1 23 (pp. 232-240). Springer International Publishing.
Vanhove, J. (2019). Metalinguistic knowledge about the native language and language transfer in gender assignment. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 397-419.
Wagley, N., Marks, R. A., Bedore, L. M., & Kovelman, I. (2022). Contributions of bilingual home environment and language proficiency on children’s Spanish–English reading outcomes. Child Development, 93(4), 881-899.
Watson, A. M., Newman, R. M., & Morgan, S. D. (2021). Metatalk and metalinguistic knowledge: The interplay of procedural and declarative knowledge in the classroom discourse of first-language grammar teaching. Language Awareness, 30(3), 257-275.
Zerva, I. K. (2023). Metalinguistic abilities: The contribution to writing. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8(1),