GEOPOLITICAL AND GEOSTRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN: CHALLENGES AND VULNERABILITIES FOR REGIONAL POWERS
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Abstract
Highlighting the geopolitical and geostrategic significance of the Indian Ocean, which emerged as strategic heartland of the contemporary politics, is the prime objective of the research. The growth of the Indian Ocean Region has contributed to the emergence of Western- centric multipolar world. This region has been declared a great pivot as to be rich in energy reserves. Despite its importance, IOR is prone to a number of threats. The research has adopted the descriptive method of research. It has explained the topic deductively in reference to the theory of securitization. The IOR has been quite unpredictable in the terms of the regional security models that keep shifting from state-centric traditional security threats to those created by non-state bodies. These issues are divided into two categories: traditional and non-traditional security (NTS). The freedom of navigation is more important for the smooth flow of the marine trade in the Indian Ocean; challenges like competition among the great powers, unconventional security threats, and degradation of climate change are also present.
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Kanngara, P. (2018). The importnace of the Indian Ocean:Trade,security and Norms . LKI, 4-5.
Kalim, I.,& Syed, A. (2020). Maritime Economy and Gwadar Port: A Growth Catalyst. Pluto Journals, 2. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.13169/polipers.17.1.0073.
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L, C. (2010). “Rethinking Maritime Security in the Indian Ocean Region.” . Journal of the Indian Ocean Region, 69.
Lavigne, F. (2013). INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI, 2004. Research Gate, 6-7.
Michel , D., & Sticklor, R. (2012). Indian Ocean Rising:Maritime Security and Policy challenges. Stimson, 9-10.
Miller, B. (2017). Inetrnational and Regional Security the causes of war and peace. New York: Routledge.
Mikheev, A., Iqba, K., Irina , K., & Butt, A. (2021). Maritime trade in the Indian Ocean: value-focused thinking for BRI and CPEC by employing A’WOT hybrid technique. (UESF-2021), 6-7.
(n.d.). https://www.google.com/search?q=java+trench+map&rlz=1C1CHZN. (n.d.). Retrieved march 26, 2022,
The importance of the Indian Ocean,security and Norms. (october2018). LKI BLOG, 3-4.
Owens, M. T. (1999). In Defense of Classical Geopolitics. Jstore, 62-63.
Passarelli, D. M. (2014). SEA CHANGE EVOLVING MARITIME GEOPOLITICS IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION . washington D.C.: Stimson Center.
(Rajagopalan, R.P.2016, August 31). Logistics Pact with US: Why LEMOA Is Significant for India. Retrieved October 1, 2022, from Observer Research Foundation: https://www.orfonline.org/research/logistics-pact-with-us-whylemoa-is-significant-for-india/.
Rolland, N. (2019). Securing the Belt and Road Initiative China's Evolving Military Engagement Along the Silk Roads. Washington D.C.: NBR Report.
Rajagopalan, Rajesh. 2017. “India’s Strategic Choices: China and the Balance of Power in Asia.” Carnegie India, September, 14. https://carnegieindia.org/2017/09/14/india-s-strategic-choices-china-and-balance-of-power-in-asia-pub-73108.
Sakhuja, D. V. (2016). India-U.S. Naval Cooperation Gathers Momentum Despite Doubts. scas, 4-5. https://www.risingpowersinitiative.org
Sinha, S. (2021). Sustainability of in indian investment in Afghnistan. Delhi: Nepal economic forum,BMC.
Sakhuja, V. (2015). The Indian Ocean in 2015 . New Delhi: IPCS, 2015.
Summr Said, C. P. (2021). Stuck Big Time in Suez Canal :how ship caused global supply traffic Jam. The wall street journal, 1-2.
Thakkar, C. (2021). Indian Fusion Center-Indian Ocean Region: Security and Stature. Stimons, 2.
Turner, O., & Parmar, I. (2020). The United States in the Indo-Pacific Obama’s legacy and the Trump transition. UK: Manchester University press.
The Indian Ocean Region: Security, Stability and Sustainability in the 21st Century. (2013). Retrieved February 1, 2023, from Australia India Institute: http://www.aii.unimelb.edu.au/sites/default/files/IOTF_0.pdf,
Time to Leverage the Strategic Potential of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. (2020). Sujan.R.Chinoy, 4-5. https://idsa.in/policybrief/strategic-potential-andaman-nicobar-sujanchinoy-260620
U.S. Naval Forces Central Command Combined Maritime Forces - U.S. 5th Fleet. (2022, December 21). Retrieved February 10, 2023, from https://www.cusnc.navy.mil/Combined-Maritime-Forces/: https://www.cusnc.navy.mil/Combined-Maritime-Forces/
Varma, R. ( 1967). STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN . The Indian Journal of Political Science, 6-7.
Wignaraja, G. C. (2018). Is the Indian Ocean economy a new globel growth Pole? Lakshman Kadigamrinstitute working series, 7-8.
YOSHIMATSU, H. (2021). Japan’s Infrastructure Investment in the Indian Ocean Checking China, Securing the Sea Lanes. IFRI Center for Asian, 10-11. https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/yoshimatsu_japan_infrastructure_investments_indi
file:///C:/Users/92303/Desktop/Maritime%20Security/australia-2020-defence-strategic-update.
((https://www.google.com/search?q=java+trench+map&rlz=1C1CHZN)
https://maps.lib.utexas.edu)