MEDIATING EFFECTS OF SELF CONCEPT AND SOCIAL IDENTITY BETWEEN PEER RELATIONS AND DELINQUENCY
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Nov 11, 2023
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Abstract
The mediating effects of self-concept and social identity between peer relations and delinquency illustrate the complex interplay of psychological factors in adolescent behavior. Peer relations significantly impact self-concept and social identity. Positive peer relationships foster a positive self-concept and a strong, pro-social social identity, acting as protective factors against delinquency. In contrast, negative peer influences can erode self-esteem, promote delinquent behavior, and influence social identity in harmful ways, increasing the risk of delinquency. Understanding these mediating effects is vital for effective interventions that promote positive peer relations, healthy self-concept development, and pro-social, social identities to reduce adolescent delinquency. This study examined the mediating effects of self-concept and social identity between peer relations and delinquency among adolescents. Sample of 498 adolescents (218 females and 280 male) from different colleges of Mian Channu City was taken through convenient sampling using survey research design. Their age range was between 18-22 years old. Correlation and regression analysis were performed to compile the results on SPSS. Results showed that peer relation has significant positive correlation with delinquency behavior among adolescents; and self-concept plays mediating role between peer relation and delinquency. Peer relation is positively correlated with social identity, which is weak predictor of delinquency among adolescents. Social identity played no mediating role between peer relation and delinquency.
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References
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Loeber, R., &Dishion, T. (1983). Early predictors of male delinquency: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 94(1), 68-99. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.94.1.68
Marsh, H., & Seeshing, A. (1997). Causal effects of academic self-concept on academic achievement: structural equation of longitudinal data. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 41-54.
Olweus, D. (1979). Stability of aggressive reaction patterns in males: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 86(4), 852-875. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.86.4.852
Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (1998). Assessing Children's Peer Relationships. Child Psychol. Psychiat. Rev., 3(4), 176-182. doi:10.1017/s1360641798001737
Rigby, K., & Slee, P.T. (1993). The Peer Relations Questionnaire (PRQ). Adelaide: University of South Australia.
Rodkin, P. & Ryan, A.M. (2011). Child and adolescent peer relations in an educational context. In K. Harris, S. Graham and T. Urdan (Eds.), Educational Psychology Handbook (pp. 363-389). Washington DC: APA Publications.
Tajfel, H. (1972). Social categorization (English translation of ‘‘La categorisation sociale’’). In S. Moscovici (Ed.), Introduction d la psychologiesociale, 1 (pp. 272–302). Paris: Larousse.
Turjeman, H., Mesch, G., & Fishman, G. (2008). Social identity, identity formation, and delinquency. International journal of comparative sociology, 49(2-3), 111-126.
Turner, J. C., & Onorato, R. S. (2014). Social identity, personality, and the self-concept: A self-categorization perspective. In The psychology of the social self (pp. 11-46). Psychology Press.
Turner, J. C., & Reynolds, K. J. (2010). The story of social identity. In Rediscovering social identity: Key readings. Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis.
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., &Wetherall, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Bergami, M., & Bagozzi, R. (2000). Self-categorization, affective commitment and group self-esteem as distinct aspects of social identity in the organization. British Journal Of Social Psychology, 39(4), 555-577. doi:10.1348/014466600164633
Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A,, & Visher, C. A. (1986). Participation in cr iminal careers. In A. Blumstein, J. Cohen, J. A. Roth, & C.A. Visher (Eds.), Criminal careers and career criminals(Vol. 1, pp. 3 1-54). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Brown, R. (2000). Social identity theory: Past achievements, current problems and future challenges. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(6), 745– 778.doi:10.1002/1099-0992(200011/12)30:6<745::aid-ejsp24>3.0.co;2-o
Campbell, J., Trapnell, P., Heine, S., Katz, I., Lavallee, L., & Lehman, D. (1996). Self- concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 70(1), 141-156. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.141
Cheek, J. M. & Briggs, S. R.. (2013) . Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IV). Measurement Instrument Database for the Social Science. Retrieved from www.midss.ie
Coie, J. D. (1990). Towards a theory of peer rejection. In S. R. Asher, & J. D. Coie (Eds.), Peer rejection in childhood (pp. 365 – 401). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Deaux, K., & Martin, D. (2003). Interpersonal Networks and Social Categories: Specifying Levels of Context in Identity Processes. Social Psychology Quarterly, 66(2), 101. doi:10.2307/1519842
Dishion, T., McCord, J., &Poulin, F. (1999). When interventions harm: Peer groups and problem behavior. American Psychologist, 54(9), 755-764. doi:10.1037//0003- 066x.54.9.755
Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005). Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior and delinquency. Psychological Science, 16, 328-335.
Eley, T. C., Lichtenstein, P., &Moffit, T. (2003). A longitudinal behavioral genetic analysis of the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior. Development and Psychology, 15, 383-402.
Ellemers, N., Kortekaas, P., & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (1999). Self-categorisation, commitment to the group and group self-esteem as related but distinct aspects of social identity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(23), 371–389.
Feitosa, J., Salas, E., & Salazar, M. R. (2012). Social identity: Clarifying its dimensions across cultures. Psihologijske teme, 21(3), 527-548.
Freitas, M. A. R. (2009). Valores morais e auto-conceito das crianças e jovens Institucionalizados (Dissertação de mestrado). Universidade Católica Portuguesa Centro Regional de Braga, Faculdade de Filosofia, Braga.
Garland, D. (2002). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
Hartup, W. (1986). Relationships and development. Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Hay, D., Payne, A., & Chadwick, A. (2004). Peer relations in childhood. Journal Of Child Psychology And Psychiatry, 45(1), 84-108. doi:10.1046/j.0021- 9630.2003.00308.x
Haynie, D. (2001). Delinquent Peers Revisited: Does Network Structure Matter?. American Journal Of Sociology, 106(4), 1013-1057. doi:10.1086/320298
Haynie, D. (2002). Friendship networks and delinquency: The relative nature of peer delinquency. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 18, 99-134.
Hu, A., Van Ryzin, M. J., Schweer-Collins, M. L., & Leve, L. D. (2021). Peer relations and delinquency among girls in foster care following a skill-building preventive intervention. Child maltreatment, 26(2), 205-215.
Huitt, W. (2004). Self-concept and self-esteem. Educational psychology interactive, 1, 1-5.
Jessor, R., & Jessor, S.L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychological development: a longitudinal study of youth. New York: Academic Press.
Karwowski, M., & Lebuda, I. (2017). Creative self-concept: A surface characteristic of creative personality.
Kazdin, A. (1987). Treatment of antisocial behavior in children: Current status and future directions. Psychological Bulletin, 102(2), 187-203. doi:10.1037//0033- 2909.102.2.187
Konstantoni, K. (2016). Children's peer relationships and social identities: exploring cases of young children's agency and complex interdependencies from the Minority World. In Children and Young People’s Relationships (pp. 95-104). Routledge.
Loeber, R. (1982). The Stability of Antisocial and Delinquent Child Behavior: A Review. Child Development, 53(6), 1431-1446. doi:10.1111/j.1467- 8624.1982.tb03465.x
Loeber, R., &Dishion, T. (1983). Early predictors of male delinquency: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 94(1), 68-99. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.94.1.68
Marsh, H., & Seeshing, A. (1997). Causal effects of academic self-concept on academic achievement: structural equation of longitudinal data. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(1), 41-54.
Olweus, D. (1979). Stability of aggressive reaction patterns in males: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 86(4), 852-875. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.86.4.852
Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (1998). Assessing Children's Peer Relationships. Child Psychol. Psychiat. Rev., 3(4), 176-182. doi:10.1017/s1360641798001737
Rigby, K., & Slee, P.T. (1993). The Peer Relations Questionnaire (PRQ). Adelaide: University of South Australia.
Rodkin, P. & Ryan, A.M. (2011). Child and adolescent peer relations in an educational context. In K. Harris, S. Graham and T. Urdan (Eds.), Educational Psychology Handbook (pp. 363-389). Washington DC: APA Publications.
Tajfel, H. (1972). Social categorization (English translation of ‘‘La categorisation sociale’’). In S. Moscovici (Ed.), Introduction d la psychologiesociale, 1 (pp. 272–302). Paris: Larousse.
Turjeman, H., Mesch, G., & Fishman, G. (2008). Social identity, identity formation, and delinquency. International journal of comparative sociology, 49(2-3), 111-126.
Turner, J. C., & Onorato, R. S. (2014). Social identity, personality, and the self-concept: A self-categorization perspective. In The psychology of the social self (pp. 11-46). Psychology Press.
Turner, J. C., & Reynolds, K. J. (2010). The story of social identity. In Rediscovering social identity: Key readings. Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis.
Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., &Wetherall, M. S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.